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Ethereum: How is the Target Hash determined?
Math Behind Ethereum Target Hash As a blockchain enthusiast, you are probably familiar with the concept of calculating the Ethereum mining target hash. However, it may seem counterintuitive that this calculation is represented using a hexadecimal value. In this article, we will look at how the target hash is determined and explore why hexadecimal values
Math Behind Ethereum Target Hash
As a blockchain enthusiast, you are probably familiar with the concept of calculating the Ethereum mining target hash. However, it may seem counterintuitive that this calculation is represented using a hexadecimal value. In this article, we will look at how the target hash is determined and explore why hexadecimal values are needed.
Background
In blockchain technology, a target hash is a mathematical function that generates a unique digital fingerprint for a block of transactions on the Ethereum network. The goal of this process is to find a hash that the network’s mining algorithms have not yet seen.
To calculate the target hash, we need to break it down into smaller components:
- Block Header: Contains 4-32 bytes of data that contains metadata about the block.
- Transaction List
: A list of transactions in the block.
- Previous Block Hash: The hash of the previous extracted block.
Calculating the Target Hash
The target hash is calculated by combining these components in a specific way:
- First, we generate a random number (known as the
seed).
- Then, we iterate over each transaction in the list and calculate its contribution to the hash:
- Each transaction is hashed using SHA-256.
- The result is multiplied by the current seed.
- Finally, we combine all these contributions to generate the target hash.
How a hash is calculated
Now let’s go into the hexadecimal calculation step by step:
- Leading zeros: The leading zero in Ethereum indicates that the resulting value must be a multiple of 2^256 (the number of possible values in SHA-256). This is necessary because the hash function uses modular arithmetic with base 2.
- Hexadecimal conversion: Each component of the target hash is converted from hexadecimal to binary:
- The block header and transaction list are simply concatenated as strings in binary format.
- The hash of the previous block is calculated directly from its hexadecimal representation.
Example
Let’s say we have a mined block with the following components:
Block header: “0x1234567890abcdef”.
Transaction list: “0x1e5d6a7b8c9d0e0f”.
Previous block hash: “0xfedcba9876543210”
When calculating the target hash, we get:
+---------------+
| seed |
+--------------+
|
|
v
+---------------+
| (Block header) |
| (Transaction list)|
+--------------+
|
|
v
+---------------+
| (Previous block hash) |
+--------------+
The resulting target hash is a hexadecimal value that represents the cumulative effect of all of these components. Through this process, the Ethereum network ensures that each block has a unique and challenging target hash that miners must solve.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the calculation of the target hash involves combining random numbers with modular arithmetic, hexadecimal conversion, and SHA-256 hashing to produce a unique digital fingerprint. The use of leading zeros ensures that the resulting value is a multiple of 2^256, while the hexadecimal conversion helps represent each component in a compact binary format. This complex process is what makes Ethereum’s target hash so difficult for miners to solve, resulting in new blocks being created and validated on the blockchain.
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